How to make electriccity with the help of salt.

Na-TECC: Worth Its Salt

Shannon Yee, an assistant professor in Georgia Tech’s George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, is developing a technology that leverages the isothermal expansion of sodium and solar heat to directly generate electricity. Affectionately known as “Na-TECC” (an acronym that combines the chemical symbol for sodium with initials from “Thermo-Electro-Chemical Converter” and also rhymes with “GaTech”), this unique conversion engine has no moving parts.

A quick rundown in geek speak: Electricity is generated from solar heat by thermally driving a sodium redox reaction on opposite sides of a solid electrolyte. The resulting positive electrical charges pass through the solid electrolyte due to an electrochemical potential produced by a pressure gradient, while the electrons travel through an external load where electric power is extracted. Bottom line, this new process results in improved efficiency and less heat leaking out, explained Yee.

The goal is to reach heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of more than 45 percent — a substantial increase when compared to 20 percent efficiency for a car engine and 30 percent for most sources on the electric grid.

The technology could be used for distributed energy applications. “A Na-TECC engine could sit in your backyard and use heat from the sun to power an entire house,” Yee said. “It can also be used with other heat sources such as natural gas, biomass, and nuclear to directly produce electricity without boiling water and spinning turbines.”

Funded by the Department of Energy’s (DOE) SunShot Program, the research is being conducted in collaboration with Ceramatec Inc

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Electric cars/Eleectric vehicles (EV)

Electric cars aboutl all knowladge (EV)

Four Types of Electric Vehicles on the Road Today

BEV - Battery Electric Vehicle

PHEV – (Plug-In) Hybrid Electric Vehicle

HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle

FCEV – Fuel-cell Electric Vehicle

EV make Battery Range km (mi)

Nissan Leaf 30kWh 160km (100)

Mitsubishi MiEV 16kWh 85km (55)

Ford Focus 23kWh 110km (75)

Smart ED 16.5kWh 90km (55)

Electric city bil your car charging

Full Range 140 Km

Total Consumption Of Electricity In A Full Charge: 16.5 Units

Electricity Usage Per Km: 16.5/140= 0.12 Unit

The maximum Cost Of Electricity In Delhi (Domestic): Rs 6.5 Per Unit

Total Cost Of Running For 1 Km: Rs 6.5 x 0.12 = 0.78 Or 78p

Total Expenditure In A Day: Rs 0.78 x 50 = Rs 39

Total Expenditure In A Month: Rs 39 x 24 = Rs 936

 1.Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)

without an internal combustion 

charged by plugging into the electricity grid.

The initial purchase price is higher than similar gas-powered vehicles.

500 km on a full charge, with most models capable of 200 - 250 km 

on a full charge.

outlet (110 volts), or even faster using a residential electric

vehicle charging station (240 volts).

DC Quick charging stations (400 Volts), will recharge a BEV from

 empty to 80% in 30-45 minutes. DC Quick charging

2..Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

provide 20-80km (depending on model) of all-electric driving before

 a gasoline engine or generator turns on for longer tripsprovide 

20-80km (depending on model) of all-electric driving before a

 gasoline engine or generator turns on for longer trips

3..Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)

 a gasoline engine and fuel tank and an electric motor and battery

HEVs are more similar to gas cars than to EVs as they do not require

 access to charging

4...Fuel-cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)

A FCEV creates electricity from hydrogen and oxygen,

 instead of storing and releasing energy like a battery

. Because of these vehicles’ efficiency and water-only 

emissions, some experts consider these cars to be the

 best electric vehicles, even though they are still 

in development phases and provide many challenges.

advantages

Better for the Environment

Electricity is Less Expensive than Gas

Less Maintenance at a Lower Cost

Potential for Tax Credits

disadvantages 

Some EVs Have Short Ranges for Driving

Charging Can Take a Lot of Time

Charging Stations Aren’t Available Everywhere

types of capacitor

Electrolyte capacitors

Generally, the electrolyte capacitors are used when the large capacitor values are required. The thin metal film layer is used for one electrode and for the second electrode (cathode) a semi-liquid electrolyte solution which is in jelly or paste is used. The dielectric plate is a thin layer of oxide, it is developed electrochemically in production with the thickness of the film and it is less than the ten microns.

Mica Capacitor

This capacitor is a group of natural minerals and the silver mica capacitors use the dielectric. There are two types of mica capacitors which are clamped capacitors & silver mica capacitor. Clamped mica capacitors are considered as an obsolete because of their inferior characteristic. The silver mica capacitors are prepared by sandwiching mica sheet coated with metal on both sides and this assembly is then encased in epoxy to protect the environment. The mica capacitors are used in the design calls for stable, reliable capacitor of relatively small.

Film Capacitor

The film capacitors are also capacitors and they use a thin plastic as the dielectric. The film capacitor is prepared extremely thin using the sophisticated film drawing process. If the film is manufactured, it may be metalized depend on the properties of a capacitor. To protect from the environmental factor the electrodes are added and they are assembled.

Ceramic Capacitor

The ceramic capacitors are the capacitors and use the ceramic material as a dielectric. The ceramics are one of the first materials to use in the production of capacitors as an insulator.

Ceramic Capacitor

There are many geometries are used in the ceramic capacitors and some of them are the ceramic tubular capacitor, barrier layer capacitors are 

what is capacitanc.

What is capacitor?

Capacitor :- Capacitor is an electronic device which stores the electrical energy in the forms of                               charge. capacitor is a passive element. 

                        

         Formula 1              

	=	charge
	=	capacitance
	=	voltage